All terms are copyrighted to their original owners from the site listed below.
M.E.A.S.U.R.E.M.E.N.T.S/T.I.M.E.&.S.E.A.S.O.N.S/R.A.N.K.S
Measurements
Mouselength - About an inch
Kittenstep - Less than an inch
Rabbitlength/Taillength - About a foot
Foxlength - About a yard
Times and Seasons
Leaf-bare - The season of winter
Newleaf - The season of spring
Greenleaf - The season of summer
Leaf-fall - The season of autumn
Quarter-moon - A week
Moon - A 28-day period (one full moon to another), a month
Moonhigh - 12 o'clock a.m. (midnight)
Sunhigh - 12 o'clock p.m. (noon)
Ranks
Leader - The cat who leads the clan.
Deputy - The cat who is second-in-command and follows the leader's orders.
Medicine Cat - A cat who is trained specifically for healing and medicine.
Warrior - A cat trained to defend, hunt for, and fight for their clan.
Queen - A she-cat expecting or nursing kits.
Apprentice - A cat who is in training to become a warrior or medicine cat, the apprentice must be 6 moons old to begin training.
Kit - A cat 6 moons old and less. A kitten.
Elder - A retired warrior, medicine cat, or leader.
Kittypet - A house cat; the term can also be used as an insult.
Loner - A cat who is neither owned by humans or part of a Clan.
Rogue - Another term for loner; some cats find it offensive.
Twoleg - A human.
Resource:
Clan Guide